Please read and share this weekly newsletter to help expose those who engage in anti-Semitism, highlight those working to defeat it and to gain important insights. Jews are again under attack around the world and we must each do our part so that together we can defeat anti-Semitism and improve humanity. Read these and other stories below.
Please forward to your family and friends and ask them to take the Combat Anti-Semitism pledge today! Taking a pledge can be the start!
THIS WEEK’S CONTENT
SPECIAL FEATURES
(2 Articles)
1. CAS CONTEST IN THE TIMES OF ISRAEL: “STOPPING ANTI-SEMITISM”
By Wendy Kalman
A grassroots organization called Combat anti-Semitism is hoping to tap help from new sources, offering cash prizes in different categories. “The resurgence of anti-Semitism poses a challenge to all people of conscience: How can we work together to stop anti-Semitism? This contest is crowd-sourcing new solutions to help end the world’s oldest hatred.” Read Here
2. CAS CONTEST IN THE JEWISH NEWS SYNDICATE: CREATIVE CALL FOR INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS TO COMBAT ANTI-SEMITISM
BY ELIANA RUDEE
Combat anti-Semitism announced its upcoming “Venture Creative Contest,” giving away more than $100,000 in awards. Read Here
NOTABLE SUPPORTERS
CAS is pleased to announce that Rabbi Dr. Ari Berman has signed the Combat Anti-Semitism pledge! Rabbi Dr. Berman serves as President of Yeshiva University in New York City.
UNITED STATES
(23 Articles)
1. JEWISH MEN ASSAULTED IN SUSPECTED ANTI-SEMITIC INCIDENTS IN BROOKLYN
By Ilanit Chernick
Two Brooklyn neighborhoods have been hit yet again with anti-Semitic incidents. A Jewish man walking to his synagogue was verbally assaulted. The attacker tried to punch him repeatedly. Separately, two religious men were walking when a group of youths knocked off their shtreimels. Read Here
2. ORTHODOX JEWS FEAR BEING TARGETS OF RISING ANTI-SEMITISM
By Yon Pomrenze and Jason Carroll
The concentration of Orthodox Jews in Crown Heights and Williamsburg and their traditional dress and head coverings make them easy to find. Orthodox communities are taking action through “Shomrim” volunteer safety patrols, named for the Hebrew word for “guardians.” Read Here
3. NY to beef up police presence in Jewish neighborhoods for High Holidays
By JTA
The New York Police Department said it will increase its presence in Jewish neighborhoods before and during the High Holidays. Increased foot patrols and specialized units such as counterterrorism teams will be deployed throughout the communities. Not all of them would be identifiable. Read Here
4. LOS ANGELES SYNAGOGUE TARGETED WITH ANTI-SEMITIC GRAFFITI
By Marcy Oster
Another synagogue in Los Angeles was vandalized with an anti-Jewish message. “Six million $ was not enough,” read the message drawn in marker on the welcome sign affixed to the gate of Temple Ahavat Shalom. Read Here
5. NJ MAN CHARGED WITH SCOUTING LANDMARKS FOR HEZBOLLAH, TRYING TO KILL ISRAELI SPY
By LARRY NEUMEISTER
Alexei Saab, 42, of Morristown, NJ photographed and recorded video of the Statue of Liberty, the White House and Fenway Park as potential terrorism targets and has been charged with terror offenses by authorities who say he was working on behalf of Hezbollah. Read Here
6. FORMER SECURITY GUARD INDICTED FOR PLOTTING TO BOMB LAS VEGAS SYNAGOGUE
By JNS
Conor Climo pleaded not guilty to a federal firearm charge in federal court when he was charged with compiling bomb components and guns to kill people at a Las Vegas synagogue. Read Here
7. POWAY KILLER TOLD 911 HE WAS ‘DEFENDING OUR NATION AGAINST THE JEWISH PEOPLE’
By Elliot Spagat
John Earnest, who opened fire at the Poway synagogue, told a 911 operator moments after the shooting that “I’m defending our nation against the Jewish people, who are trying to destroy all white people,” according to a recording played at a hearing to determine if the case will proceed to trial. Read Here
8. ‘THERE WAS CHAOS’: WITNESSES RECALL SAN DIEGO SYNAGOGUE SHOOTING IN COURT
By Pauline Repard
John Earnest didn’t hide his smirks as he sat in court watching surveillance video of Lori Gilbert-Kaye being shot inside the Poway synagogue. Earnest also smiled as another congregant testified about running toward the shooter. Read Here
9. WOMEN’S MARCH DROPS ZAHRA BILLOO FROM BOARD AFTER OUTCRY OVER ANTI-SEMITISM
By SHIRYN GHERMEZIAN
Amid an outcry over anti-Semitic and anti-Israel tweets made by Zahra Billoo, the Women’s March dropped her from the board days after her appointment. Billoo was among 17 new board members appointed after 3 of its founding board members resigned after accusations of anti-Semitism. Read Here
10. TLAIB DEFENDS ANTI-ISRAEL ACTIVIST WHO WAS VOTED OFF WOMEN’S MARCH BOARD
By Cameron Cawthorne
Rep. Rashida Tlaib came to the defense of anti-Israel activist Zahra Billoo on Twitter after she was voted off the Women’s March board, telling her, “we have the truth on our side. #FreePalestine always sis!” Read Here
11. GOP SENATE CANDIDATE JASON LEWIS ACCUSED REPUBLICANS OF ‘DUAL LOYALTIES’ TO ISRAEL
By JNS
Former Representative and current Senate candidate Jason Lewis (R-Minn.) said 6 years ago that Republicans have “dual loyalties” to Israel, thanks to AIPAC and a “very strong American Jewish lobby.” Lewis’s comments just recently came to light. Read Here
12. TRENTON, NJ POLITICIAN APOLOGIZES FOR USE OF ANTI-SEMITIC TROPE
By MIKE CATALINI
Trenton City Council President Kathy McBride apologized for using an anti-Semitic trope while discussing actions taken by the city’s Jewish attorney. “I am apologizing to the community at large, because in my position you cannot make anyone feel insulted or be insensitive to any ethnic backgrounds.” Read Here
13. PRESSURE GROWING FOR BERNIE SANDERS TO DUMP ‘VIRULENT’ LINDA SARSOUR
By Jon Levine
Pressure is mounting on Sanders to cut ties with campaign surrogate Linda Sarsour, as World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder saying “Her views have no place in our political discourse and any candidate who associates with her is guilty of handing a megaphone to anti-Semites. Read Here
14. SWASTIKA GRAFFITI FOUND ON MICHIGAN SYNAGOGUE
By AP
Graffiti that included Nazi symbols was found spray painted on Temple Jacob in Hancock, Michigan. Swastikas were spray painted on the synagogue, as well as the symbol of the SS, a Nazi paramilitary organization. Read Here
15. SWASTIKA-LIKE SYMBOLS FOUND OUTSIDE ENTRYWAY TO BOSTON-AREA SYNAGOGUE
By JNS
A Boston-area synagogue has been vandalized with what appear to be swastikas. Police in Sharon, MA received a call from congregants at Temple Sinai about the marking near its entrance. There were two other markings in the mulch bed. Read Here
16. ANTI-SEMITIC GRAFFITI FOUND AT RACINE, WI SYNAGOGUE
By Rob Golub
Anti-Semitic graffiti was discovered at Beth Israel Sinai Congregation in Racine, WI, as board members arrived for a meeting. Vandals spray-painted swastikas and the word “Jude,” along with three symbols that each appear to be a Nazi-style “S.” Read Here
17. ANONYMOUS TIP LEADS TO ARRESTS FOR ANTI-SEMITIC, RACIST GRAFFITI AT FORT REVERE IN HULL, MA
By CBS Boston
Police arrested a group of juveniles and charged them with leaving racist and anti-Semitic graffiti at Fort Revere over Labor Day weekend. A call for public assistance led to Hull Police receiving an anonymous tip. As a result, police were able arrested multiple juveniles. Read Here
18. SUSPECTED NEO-NAZIS COMPILING NAMES OF JEWS ON CHAT APP TELEGRAM
By Cnaan Liphshiz
Users of the Telegram social network are creating a list of Jews who are critical of white nationalism in chats among members of a public group. Each profile includes a tweet in which the individuals in question describe themselves as Jewish. Read Here
19. BUTTIGIEG STAFFER ATTENDED ANTI-SEMITIC FARRAKHAN SERMON
By Cameron Cawthorne
Deven Anderson, who recently joined Pete Buttigieg’s campaign as a regional organizing director in Columbia, S.C., has a history of praising anti-Semitic Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan and attended a sermon where Farrakhan said “You can walk with a Jew, but you can’t walk with me.” Read Here
20. White Plains, NY Man Convicted of Threatening Greenburgh, NY Town Supervisor
By The Examiner News
Timothy Goetze, 44, of White Plains was found guilty of Aggravated Harassment for threats made against Greenburgh Town Supervisor Paul Feiner. Goetze sent 3 threatening emails with subject lines like: “Letter to the Ugly Dumb Jew;” and “Letter to the Parasite,” and wrote “You better run and hide you stupid f–king jew. We are coming for you and your family.” Read Here
21. Dahlonega, GA Says ‘No’ to Nazis
By Roni Robbins
The “Patriot” rally in downtown Dahlonega pitted a small group of white nationalists against triple the number of protestors carrying signs saying, “Nazis not welcome in Georgia.” Speaker Jovi Val was the most radical and is a far-right neo-fascist who promotes political violence and anti-Semitism. Read Here
22. Pittsburgh Jewish Community Reflects on Turbulent Year, Discusses Future Plans
By JNS
Members of Pittsburgh’s Jewish community convened a press conference to talk about the synagogue massacre and their plans moving forward. A panel of leaders from the Tree of Life Synagogue discussed how their members have been coping in the aftermath of the attack, and the struggle of taking care of their congregants. Read Here
23. Anti-Semitic flyers in Helena, MT
By Phil Drake
The Jewish community in Helena was targeted by an anti-Semitic literature drop in neighborhoods near the state Capitol. Literature distributed in Helena were left on doors, porches and driveways. Read Here
ISRAEL AND THE REST OF THE WORLD
(4 Pieces)
1. IN-DEPTH: THIS WEEK’S NEWS ON ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE UK
UK LABOUR OVERWHELMINGLY BACKS ANTI-ISRAEL AGENDA SHOULD CORBYN TAKE POWER
The Labour party called for a future government led by Jeremy Corbyn to adopt a raft of anti-Israel policies. Labour delegates, at the party’s annual conference, overwhelmingly backed a boycott of Israeli settlement goods and vowed to reject trade agreements with the Jewish state while also endorsing a Palestinian “right to return.” Read Here
‘ANTI-SEMITIC’ MATERIAL AT LABOUR CONFERENCE MAKES JEWS FEEL ‘SICK AND UNWELCOME’
A row has broken out between left-wing activists and Jewish Labour members after anti-Semitic material was distributed at the party’s conference. Sussex Police removed a banner which portrayed a fighter plane representing the “Israel lobby” attacking Jeremy Corbyn with “defamation”. Read Here
MOMENTUM GROUP PULLS INVITE TO ‘ZIONISTS BEHIND 9/11’ VICAR FOR GAZA FUNDRAISER
Rev. Stephen Sizer, a disgraced vicar, who posted an article saying “Jews and Zionists” were behind 9/11 will no longer speak at a Gaza fundraising dinner in London after Ilford Momentum, a group associated with Labour, withdrew the invitation. Read Here
LABOUR MP ‘UNDERSTANDS’ WHY JEWS ‘WOULD SERIOUSLY CONSIDER’ LEAVING BRITAIN IF CORBYN BECAME PM
Labour MP Louise Ellman said she would “understand” why British Jews “would seriously consider” leaving the country if Corbyn entered Downing Street. Speaking to Labour Friends of Israel, she said when she joined the party 50 years ago she “never dreamed” it would led “by a man who would call Hezbollah and Hamas ‘friends’.” Read Here
LONDON MAYOR ACCOSTED BY LABOUR ACTIVISTS FOR SPEAKING TO JEWISH GROUP
London Mayor Sadiq Khan was accosted on the street by Labour activists outraged by his speech to a Jewish organization. The activists approached Khan and demanded to know why he had given the speech. Khan replied, “To show solidarity with our Jewish brothers and sisters.” One of the activists then said, “But they’re Zionists. Why would you show support to Israeli Zionists?” Read Here
WOMAN WHO SAID ‘ZIONISTS ABUSE MEMORY OF SHOAH’ TO BACK ISRAEL, IN MAYORAL BID
Salma Yacoob, a left-wing activist, who once said “Zionists abuse the memory of the Holocaust to bolster support for Israel and its murderous policies” is to stand as Labour’s candidate for West Midlands’ mayor. She was the former vice-chair of the defunct Respect Party set up by George Galloway. Read Here
LABOUR TO BE HIT WITH LIBEL CLAIM OVER PANORAMA RESPONSE THIS WEEK
The Labour Party is set to be hit with a libel claim from five of the whistleblowers who appeared in the BBC Panorama documentary that exposed the handling of anti-Semitism complaints. Five ex-Labour employees have alleged the party defamed them in its response to their claims on the show. Read Here
SUSPENDED LABOUR ACTIVIST BEHIND ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT NEW RULES TO DEAL WITH ANTI-SEMITES
Glyn Secker, the Labour activist suspended after telling a pro-Palestinian march that “Jews are in the gutter” is at the forefront of a move to stop the party introducing new rules on dealing with anti-Semites. Secker was behind an emergency motion at Labour’s conference expressing “grave reservations” about new measures to fast-track expulsions. Read Here
LABOUR EXECUTIVE TO DISBAND PARTY’S STUDENT WING DESPITE WARNING FROM JEWISH LABOUR MOVEMENT
Labour decided to disband the party’s student wing, despite Jews warning that to do so would make the fight against anti-Semitism in the party even harder. The Jewish Labour Movement had warned that getting rid of Labour Students “will disband one of our most committed allies in the fight against anti-Jewish racism. They’ve gone above and beyond to call out anti-Semitism and support Jewish students.” Read Here
SUSPENDED SENTENCE FOR MAN WHO STUCK ANTI-SEMITIC POSTERS TO CHABAD CENTRE
Shehroz Iqbal pleaded guilty to displaying written material that is “threatening, abusive or insulting, intending thereby to stir up racial hatred”, and has been handed a 12-month suspended sentence for sticking anti-Semitic posters to the outside of a Chabad synagogue. Read Here
BDS CO-FOUNDER DENIED ENTRY TO UK
Omar Barghouti, co-founder of the BDS movement, was denied an entry to the UK, where he was due to speak at a number of fringe events at the Labour party conference. Barghouti was due to speak at a Palestine Solidarity Campaign event, alongside prominent Labour party politicians including Diane Abbott, the Shadow Home Secretary. Read Here
ANTI-SEMITIC BLOGGER WHO COMPARED THE HOLOCAUST TO A ‘THEME PARK’ IS JAILED AFTER PUBLISHING NEW POSTS IN BREACH OF A BAN ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE
Alison Chabloz, an anti-Semitic blogger, who wore a white supremacist badge as she was convicted for writing three vile songs mocking the Holocaust, has been jailed for illegally posting to her blog – a ‘clear breach’ of the terms of her suspended sentence. Read Here
PLEDGE TO STAMP OUT HATE CRIME FOLLOWING SPIKE IN ANTI-SEMITIC ATTACKS IN SUNDERLAND
Councilors have pledged to stamp out hate crime in Sunderland following national spikes in attacks. The city’s Conservative group launched a bid to tackle anti-Semitism with a motion calling for the council to embed IHRA definition of anti-Semitism into training for staff/councilors. Read Here
2. IN-DEPTH: THIS WEEK’S NEWS ON ANTI-SEMITISM IN GERMANY
GERMAN CATHOLIC NGO CANCELS EVENT WITH BDS GROUP
The Munich branch of the Catholic social service organization Caritas pulled the plug on an event with a pro-BDS Group due to alleged anti-Semitism. The head of the city’s Jewish community, Charlotte Knobloch, protested in a letter to Caritas against the slated lecture by the group. Read Here
TOP GERMAN NEWSPAPER: FM ‘SHAMEFUL” FOR SUPPORTING IRAN ‘TERROR’ EVENT
Bild, Europe’s most-read newspaper, described the role of the German Foreign Ministry as “shameful” in a blistering commentary for its participation in a pro-Iran business conference in Berlin that the US government said supports terrorism. Read Here
CONTROVERSIAL PALESTINIAN RAPPERS BANNED FROM PERFORMING IN BERLIN
A Palestinian rally set to take place in front of the Brandenburg Gate caused a diplomatic storm as both the Israeli and US ambassadors called for a performance by Palestinian rappers Shadi Al-Bourini and Shadi Al-Najjar to be banned. The Palestinian rappers ignited a storm due to their anti-Israel lyrics including “they fantasize about bombing the Israeli city of Tel Aviv, razing it to the ground and ‘crushing’ Jews.” Read Here
3. IN DEPTH: THIS WEEK’S NEWS ON ANTI-SEMITISM ACROSS THE MIDDLE EAST
ISRAEL ANGRILY REJECTS HOLOCAUST-GAZA COMPARISON FROM TURKEY’S ERDOGAN
Israeli leaders lashed out against Turkish President Erdogan, who said “we view the Holocaust the same way we view those besieging Gaza,” on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly. Foreign Minister Katz accused Erdogan of anti-Semitism, referring to the Holocaust comparison. Read Here
KHAMEINI REPRESENTATIVE: ‘IF YOU TRESPASS OUR BORDER, ISRAEL WILL TURN INTO DUST IN HALF A DAY’
By JNS
Iran is no longer limited by its geographic borders and has the ability to destroy Israel in “half a day,” said Iranian Ayatollah Ahmad Alamolhoda. He went on to state that if Iran’s borders were trespassed, Israel would be “turned to dust in half a day.” Watch Full Speech Here
A SUMMER OF ATTACKS ON JEWISH SITES, A QUIET MEDIA
This past summer Jewish holy sites have been shut down (Aaron’s Tomb), booby-trapped (Joseph’s Tomb), bombed (Rachel’s tomb), desecrated with pro-Hamas banners (Temple Mount), and even graffitied with the caption “slaughter the Jews” (Western Wall). Despite this, the media has remained silent, suggesting an apathy for Jewish worshipers, their holy sites, and access thereof. Read Here
CALL TO DESTROY ISRAEL AT ISLAMIST CONFERENCE IN ANKARA
Turkey hosted a pro-Palestinian conference that featured radical Islamists who urged the obliteration of the Jewish state and advocated for BDS at the “Congress on the Future of Islamic World and Palestine.” “Israel must be dissolved and destroyed,” said one speaker. Read Here
4. IN DEPTH: OTHER WORLD NEWS
SWASTIKAS FOUND ON CAMPAIGN SIGNS FROM COAST TO COAST
Election campaign materials across Canada have been defaced with swastikas. B’nai Brith Canada said it does not believe the incidents were connected but does believe that the swastikas are indicative of the current permissive climate with regards to espousing anti-Semitic ideas. Read Here
FRENCH ESSAYIST SENTENCED TO 18 MONTHS FOR AN ANTI-SEMITIC RAP VIDEO
The right-wing essayist Alain Soral was sentenced to prison and fined 45,000 euros for broadcasting an anti-Semitic rap video. He published a clip entitled “Yellow Vests” in which a sign containing the name Rothschild was thrown in a fire with photos of Bernard-Henri Lévy, Jacques Attali and Patrick Drahi. Read Here
AUSTRALIAN STATE LEGISLATOR CALLS FOR NEO-NAZI CONCERT TO BE STOPPED, ORGANISERS BANNED
Victorian State Member David Southwick called for an upcoming neo-Nazi concert to be banned. “With the largest Jewish Holocaust Survivor community in Australia, it is important for us as Victorians to lead the way and stand up to hatred and bigotry.” Read Here
HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DESECRATED IN UKRAINE
For the third time over the last few weeks in Ukraine, a Holocaust memorial monument was desecrated with Nazi signs and Swastikas. Read Here
Al-Qaida, terror cells affiliated to IS plan to attack Jews, Israelis in India
Al-Qaida and terrorist cells affiliated with IS are looking to mount attacks on Israeli targets worldwide. The possible targets in India may include the Israeli Embassy, synagogues, Jewish schools, restaurants and hotels frequented by Israeli nationals in New Delhi and other cities. Read Here
Dutch radio show airs caller’s 4-minute rant about Jews
A Dutch broadcaster that receives public funding said it should not have allowed a radio caller to rant for several minutes about Jewish greed and the need to “annihilate” it. Identifying himself as Mario, the caller said that the world is being led by “Money grubbing Jewry” who “must be annihilated.” Read Here
ON CAMPUS
(10 Articles)
1. NEW JERSEY STRIVES TO PROTECT JEWISH STUDENTS ON CAMPUS
By SASHA CHERNYAK
State Sens. Sweeney and Singer proposed an amendment to New Jersey’s Statute 18A that would establish protections for Jewish people against discrimination on the basis of their religion. It extends protections to include the Jewish people as a religious/ethnic group and prohibits acts of anti-Semitism in public schools, colleges and universities. Read Here
2. JOINT DUKE-UNC MIDDLE EAST STUDIES PROGRAM IN HOT WATER OVER BIASED CURRICULUM
By Melissa Weiss
The Department of Education blasted a joint Middle Eastern studies program at the University of North Carolina and Duke University for providing a biased curriculum to students. The department ordered UNC to provide an updated curriculum for the Consortium for Middle East Studies (CEMS) in order for the program to retain its federal funding and warned that the school was potentially in violation of Title VI of the Higher Education Act. The Department noted “considerable emphasis is placed on understanding the positive aspects of Islam, while there is an absolute absence of any similar focus on the positive aspects of Christianity, Judaism, or any other belief system in the Middle East.” Read Here
3. ISRAEL-ADVOCACY GROUPS URGE CANCELLATION OF ‘ANTI-SEMITIC,’ PRO-PALESTINIAN CONFERENCE AT UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
By Jackson Richman AND SEAN SAVAGE
Amid increasing concerns over Israel-related anti-Semitism found on college campuses, the anti-Israel group Students for Justice in Palestine announced its upcoming national conference at the University of Minnesota. The 2018 SJP National Conference featured several speakers who have promoted and glorified terrorism and spread anti-Semitism. Read Here
4. ‘IF YOU CAN’T BE ANTI-SEMITIC, THERE’S NO FREE SPEECH,’ MALAYSIAN PM MAHATHIR MOHAMAD TELLS APPRECIATIVE CROWD AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
By Ben Cohen
Speaking to a packed audience, Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohamad refused to say whether he accepted the fact that 6 million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust. He also said “Why can’t I say something about the Jews, when people say nasty things about me? When you say ‘you cannot be anti-Semitic,’ there is no free speech.” Read Here
5. US Jewish Leader Calls for Halt to Columbia Donations Over School’s Hosting of Anti-Semitic Malaysian PM
By Algemeiner Staff
In a letter to Columbia President Bollinger, World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder wrote that the school’s decision to host Mahathir was “consistent with the double standard against Jewish people, which would never be tolerated with someone who spoke similarly against people of color, gay people or other minorities.” Read Here
6. CALIFORNIA EDUCATION PANEL TACKLES ETHNIC STUDIES CURRICULUM. A REVISED DRAFT IS COMING
By SAWSAN MORRAR
The ethnic studies curriculum was put back on the table after State Superintendent Tony Thurmond announced he supported a plan to revise it after the curriculum was met with criticism from Jewish community organizations for omitting discussions of anti-Semitism and being too critical of Israel. Thurmond said the new draft should discuss anti-Semitism and the contributions of Jewish people. Read Here
7. HOLOCAUST DENIAL CENTER RUNS AD ON YALE STUDENT NEWS SITE
By Charles Fain Lehman
The Institute for Historical Review, an outlet for Holocaust denial, placed an ad on the website of the Yale Daily News, the nation’s oldest college newspaper. The IHR’s website, to which the ad redirects, features articles such as “Top Ten Things the Nazis Got Right.” Read Here
8. POLICE INVESTIGATING ANTI-SEMITIC PICTURE ON GOOGLE RELATED TO RHAM MIDDLE SCHOOL IN HEBRON, CT
By WFSB
Connecticut State Police are investigating an incident related to Rham Middle School after a Google search for the school showed an anti-Semitic picture alongside the information for the school. The district is working with Google and Police to have the picture taken down. Read Here
9. CHANCELLOR, JEWISH FRATERNITY RESPOND TO ANTI-SEMITIC INCIDENT AT UC DAVIS
By REBECCA BIHN-WALLACE
Anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi fliers were found distributed throughout campus, according UC Davis Chancellor Gary May. This incident comes less than a year after anti-Semitic fliers credited to the neo-Nazi organization The Daily Stormer were found posted throughout campus last October. Read Here
10. ASCSU passes resolution, bill in support of Jewish community
By Charlotte Lang
The Associated Students of Colorado State University unanimously voted to pass a resolution to support the University’s Jewish community. Members of Jewish organizations, as well as concerned students, attended the ASCSU meeting to discuss recent anti-Semitic events in hopes of seeing change. Many students spoke out against the incident of a swastika found in Aggie Village. Read Here
ANALYSIS
(15 Pieces)
1. WHY BDS FAILS MY 3D TEST ON ANTI-SEMITISM
By Natan Sharanksy
…I came up with “the 3D test for anti-Semitism”— demonization, delegitimization and double standards. When we use the 3D test, we easily distinguish between legitimate criticism and anti-Semitism. These 3Ds are the three main tools that anti-Semites employed against Jews throughout history. My 3D test shows that if we see these same tools that were used against Jews in the past being used against the collective Jew, the Jewish State—we know we are witnessing a new face of the old anti-Semitism. Read Here
Natan Sharanksy will be presenting the awards for the CAS Venture Creative Contest later this year. Learn more about the contest here.
2. ANY U.S.-IRAN TALKS MUST ADDRESS THE ELEPHANTS IN THE ROOM
By Jonathan A. Greenblatt
We are alarmed by the raw and relentless anti-Semitism espoused by this regime. Iran’s government routinely talks about wiping Israel off the planet. Just 70 years after the Holocaust, it is imperative that we never forget when leaders promise to kill you, take them at their word. These actions remind us that the specter of a nuclear Iran is an existential threat to the safety and security of the Jewish people and the Jewish state. Read Here
3. WHY DOES THE WOMEN’S MARCH HAVE A JEWISH PROBLEM?
By Jonathan S. Tobin
That the March was led for so long by fans of Farrakhan and those who consider women who are Zionists to be inauthentic females is not an accident. Those who wish to maintain a distinction between criticisms of the president and support for the anti-Semitic left should continue to boycott the Women’s March and everyone associated with it. Read Here
4. LECTURER WARNS AGAINST RISING GLOBAL ANTI-SEMITISM
By The Business Journal, Youngstown, Ohio
Dr. Deborah Lipstadt says the rise in anti-Semitism comes from the left, the right and from Islamist extremists. “We’ve never had it where it’s coming from all these directions at once…Genocide never begins with actions. It begins with words. Not everyone who speaks or hears the “hateful words” will commit murder or genocide, but some will.” Read Here
5. JASON GREENBLATT AND THE INCONVENIENT TRUTH OF PALESTINIAN REJECTIONISM
By EJ Kimball
Claims that Greenblatt “wasn’t the right guy” for the job are wrong. He has arguably done more to advance the cause of peace between Israel and the Palestinians than any diplomat in recent memory…[including] denouncing the fact that UNRWA is “allowed to teach” an anti-Semitic curriculum. Read Here
6. WITH NEW OPENINGS IN SUDAN, CAN THE COUNTRY’S JEWS GO BACK?
By Arash Azizi
The new Sudanese government surprised many by offering a possibility of return for its Jewish citizens. The new minister of religious affairs, Nasreddin Mofarah, said the country was “pluralistic in its thought” and mentioned the country’s Jewish minority. He called on those who left to “come back” … through their right of citizenship and nationality.” Read Here
7. FAKE NEWS MAKES HEADLINES TODAY, BUT HAS ANCIENT ANTI-SEMITIC ROOTS
By Robert Philpot
The 16th century German theologian Martin Luther demonstrates that there’s nothing new about fake news. He graphically shows how anti-Semitism is “the original fake news.” Luther, of course, didn’t have social media to spread anti-Jewish hate. Neither did the Nazis, but they nonetheless had new forms of mass communication to widely disseminate their own fake news against the Jews. Read Here
8. FOR ‘NY TIMES’ CRITIC, THE MOST AUTHENTIC JERUSALEM IS ONE WITHOUT JEWS
By Gilead Ini
The NY Times architecture critic Michael Kimmelman took aim at a planned line of cable cars that Jerusalem hopes will soon shuttle visitors to the Old City’s touristic center. He endorses concerns that Jews who run the city will turn Jerusalem from a “global heritage site“ into a “Jewish-themed Epcot” and that future riders might be “funneled through a Jewish version of the city’s history.” The “Jewish version” of history could be better described as, well, “history.” Read Here
9. ISRAELI ELECTION RESULTS, SARAH HURWITZ ON HER NEW BOOK, ANTI-SEMITISM IN NY
By People of the Pod
The AJC and Times of Israel sit down with Avital Chizhik-Goldschmidt, Life/Features Editor at The Forward, to discuss the recent spate of attacks against Orthodox Jews in New York (starting at 25:50). Listen Here
10. JCPA CRCAST: HOW TO FIGHT ANTI-SEMITISM
By JCPA
Watch: How does Anti-Semitism manifest itself on both sides of the political spectrum? How serious a threat is each form? What are the best strategies for countering them? Bari Weiss answers these questions and discusses her new book, How to Fight Anti-Semitism.
11. WHY LEFT-WING ANTI-SEMITISM IS JUST AS BAD AS WHITE SUPREMACY
By Karol Markowicz
Between the fans of Louis Farrakhan who organized the original Women’s March in 2017 and the anti-Semitic rhetoric of Democratic Rep. Ilhan Omar who used an old “dual loyalty” trope to accuse Jews of pushing “allegiance to a foreign country,” Jewish Americans are suddenly feeling under attack from the left as well as the right. Read Here
12. My congregation prays at Pittsburgh’s Tree of Life synagogue. Here’s how we are coping this Rosh Hashanah.
By Beth Kissileff
The man who blew the shofar last year at my synagogue is not here to blow it now. He was murdered on Oct. 27. When we hear the shofar, if we hear it as a wail and scream, perhaps we can change our lives and make what comes after Rosh Hashanah irrevocably different. This Rosh Hashanah, all American Jews, shocked to our core at the resurgence of violent anti-Semitism will hear the shofar as a wail and scream. Read Here
13. What does ‘Jew down’ mean, and why do people find it offensive?
By Marcy Oster
The term to “Jew down” was born of stereotypes formed during medieval times about Jews being cheap or prone to hoard money. Often they were forced into financial occupations and thus were best known as money lenders, leaving them vulnerable to anti-Semitic misrepresentations. Think of portrayals such as Shylock, the villainous lender in Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice.” Read Here
14. To Fight Anti-Semitism, Look to Theodor Herzl
By Bari Weiss
Herzl offered a window into his embrace not just of Zionism but of Judaism. He began to love Judaism with great fervor…there was only one way out of this Jewish suffering— to return to Judaism. Like Herzl, we face an “age-old hatred” that presents itself in multiple new guises. And so many of us are tempted to erase the parts of ourselves that seem unacceptable. Herzl experienced a conversion from shame to pride, from accommodation to assertion, from quiet death by assimilation to full life by affirmation. It is a conversion that I believe American Jews, the luckiest in history, must emulate. Read Here
15. American Jews must not be afraid to show up on the High Holidays
By Jonathan S. Tobin
This Rosh Hashanah, Jews need to stand up to hate by being present, and rabbis need to use the Days of Awe to remind us of our obligation to examine our own shortcomings . If we are to effectively combat hate, as well as help our nation at a critical time, then we must focus on the ability to listen, learn and try to bind our wounds, rather than making them worse.
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STUDIES AND STATISTICS
(3 Pieces)
1. CONDITIONAL PARTNERSHIP 2019: RELATIONS BETWEEN JEWS AND ARABS IN ISRAEL
By The Israel Democracy Institute
The study finds that most Arab Israelis favor the Arab parties joining the government and that 65% of Arabs are proud to be Israeli. The majority of Arab Israelis rate Israel as a good place to live and 98% of Arab Israelis defined working relationships [with Jews] as “good. 96% are willing to accept a Jewish colleague; 85% as a personal friend. Read The Full Report Here
2. YOUGOV POLL: TWO-THIRDS OF LABOUR MEMBERS ‘DENY PARTY HAS SERIOUS ANTI-SEMITISM PROBLEM’
By Ben Weich
Two-thirds of Labour members do not believe the party has a “serious” anti-Semitism problem. Only 23% of those surveyed agreed that the party has a “serious” anti-Semitism problem, and 37% blamed accusations of anti-Semitism on “political opponents who want to undermine Jeremy Corbyn.” Read The Full Report Here
3. Behind the Mask: The Anti-Semitic Nature of BDS Exposed
By Israeli Ministry of Strategic Affairs
Hiding behind the mask of advancing Palestinian human and civil rights, the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement, led by the Ramallah-based BDS National Committee, is engaged in an ongoing campaign of delegitimization against Israel, which includes the use of antisemitic rhetoric and images.
FEATURED PARTNER
Combat Anti-Semitism is proud to be a partner of Secure Community Network (SCN), the national homeland security initiative of The Jewish Federations of North America & the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. Learn more about their important work in the video below.
1. HOW WE’RE WORKING TO PREVENT ANOTHER SYNAGOGUE SHOOTING
By Michael Masters
The threat facing the Jewish community is real, so we must act to protect our families and neighbors. Secure Community Network is a team of military, law enforcement and homeland security experts dedicated to protecting the Jewish community. We also know preparation and prevention are the keys to minimizing or eliminating future attacks. Just as Israel has an Iron Dome to keep its people safe, the Jewish community needs a security shield so we can be safe. Read Here
Secure Community Network (SCN), under the leadership of The Jewish Federations of North America and the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, has been at the forefront of an innovative, collaborative and cooperative national homeland security initiative educating the Jewish community to potential threats, leveraging government and private sector resources to better protect and secure our community, and ensuring that the security concerns of our community continues to remain a top focus of the intelligence, homeland security and law enforcement agencies charged with safeguarding our country and communities from the risk of terror attacks that has become a persistent threat over the past decade. Through information sharing, security awareness, training, security advice & counsel, SCN strives to empower individuals and organizations and establish a culture of security consciousness, preparedness and resiliency throughout our communities.
SPECIAL ENVOY TO MONITOR & COMBAT ANTI-SEMITISM UPDATE
This section also highlights the work of government officials around the world that are combating anti-Semitism in their official capacities.
(15 Pieces)
1. TRUMP CITES IRAN LEADER’S ANTI-SEMITISM IN CALLING FOR NORMALIZED TIES BETWEEN ISRAEL AND ARAB NEIGHBORS
By RON KAMPEAS
President Trump said the anti-Semitism from Iran’s supreme leader was a factor in his call for normalized relations between Israel and its neighbors. “Last year, the supreme leader stated Israel was a malignant tumor…America will never tolerate such anti-Semitic hate. Read Here
2. THE WORLD AWAKENS TO IRANIAN AGGRESSION
By Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo
Secretary of State Michael Pompeo told the 2019 summit of United Against Nuclear Iran: “Iran is the aggressor and not the aggrieved….From murdering and torturing their own people, to killing Americans from Lebanon to Iraq, to harboring al-Qaeda, Iran has rampaged for four decades, and sadly with too few consequences.” Read Here
3. ISRAELI MINISTER: PROMOTERS OF THE ISRAEL BOYCOTT MOVEMENT ARE ANTI-SEMITIC
By CNAAN LIPHSHIZ
Israel’s public security minister Gilad Erdan presented a report in Brussels that includes 80 examples of anti-Semitism by key European promoters of the BDS movement. Erdan sat alongside Elan Carr, the U.S. envoy against anti-Semitism, and Rabbi Menachem Margolin, director of the European Jewish Association, while presenting the report, titled “Behind the Mask.” Read Here
4. EU CHIEF SAYS PARLIAMENT WILL FIGHT ‘WORRYING RISE OF ANTI-SEMITISM IN EUROPE’
By Mathilde Frot
The European parliament will fight the “worrying rise of anti-Semitism in Europe,” the EU Parliament President David Sassoli said after meeting senior rabbis and community leaders from the Conference of European Rabbis in Brussels, a group of 700 religious leaders across Europe. Read Here
5. U.S. SPECIAL ENVOY ELAN CARR SPEAKS AT THE 2019 JNF NATIONAL CONFERENCE OPENING PLENARY
By Jewish National Fund
Watch: Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Elan Carr was a keynote speaker at the Opening Plenary of the Jewish National Fund 2019 National Conference which was titled “The U.S. / Israel Relationship”.
6. “WE FIGHT ANTI-SEMITISM TOGETHER.” ELAN CARR THANKS POLAND FOR TRAINING POLICE OFFICERS ON JUDAISM AND HATE CRIMES
By WPRAWO
The Special Envoy of the US Department of State for Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism met in Warsaw with the Secretary of State in the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland Wojciech Kolarski and the plenipotentiary of the Chief Police Commander for the Protection of Human Rights insp. Krzysztof Łaszkiewicz. “Thank you Poland for training 100,000 officers in the field of hate crimes and for teaching police commanders about Judaism and the Holocaust. We fight anti-Semitism together!”- wrote Carr on Twitter. Read Here
7. ‘FAR-LEFT ANTI-SEMITISM AS DANGEROUS AS CLASSIC ANTI-SEMITISM’
By Yoni Kempinski
The ‘new anti-Semitism’ of the far-Left is just as dangerous as the ‘classical anti-Semitism’ of the far-right, the US special envoy for combating anti-Semitism warned during a panel discussion at the European Parliament. Carr said “In the last six months we have confronted the anti-Semitism of the ethnic-supremacist far-right; of militant Islam; and the anti-Semitism of the radical, Israel-hating left. The “new anti-Semitism of the far-Left is no less dangerous, relentless, and pernicious than classical anti-Semitism.” Watch Special Envoy Carr’s Address to the EU Parlaiment. Read Here
8. UN RELEASES ‘UNPRECEDENTED’ REPORT LINKING ANTI-SEMITISM TO BDS MOVEMENT
By JNS
An ‘unprecedented’ UN report “Combatting Anti-Semitism to Eliminate Discrimination and Intolerance Based on Religion or Belief,” was released by the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Ahmed Shaheed, and defines anti-Semitism as a global phenomenon coming from the far right, radical Islamist groups and from the political left. It also links anti-Semitism to the BDS movement. Read Here
9. WASHINGTON DENIES VISA ENTRY TO HEZBOLLAH’S MINISTER
By Asharq Al-Awsat
Washington refused to grant a travel visa to Lebanon’s Health Minister Jamil Jabak, the representative of Hezbollah in the government, ahead of a scheduled visit to New York to attend the UN General Assembly as part of the official delegation accompanying Lebanese President Michel Aoun. Read Here
10. HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS LOBBY CONGRESS TO SUE EUROPEAN INSURANCE FIRMS
By Aaron Reich
Holocaust survivor David Mermelste is lobbying for legislation to allow survivors to take legal action against European insurance companies to get owed payouts. Legislation sponsored by Sens. Rubio and Nelson could make this happen. Cherrie Daniels, the new special envoy for Holocaust issues, is expected to focus on the bill as well. Read Here
11. US SANCTIONS CENTRAL BANK OF IRAN, GOING AFTER SUSPECTED FUNDING LINKED TO TERROR GROUPS
By Jackson Richman
The US has sanctioned the Central Bank of Iran after the Islamic Republic attacked two Saudi Aramco facilities. The Central Bank has provided funding to Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps and its elite Quds Force and Hezbollah. Both are U.S.-designated terrorist groups. Read Here
12. NEW JERSEY CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION CENSURES USE OF ‘JEW DOWN’ BY LOCAL COUNCIL
By JNS
New Jersey’s entire congressional delegation condemned local council members for using anti-Semitic language in the past several weeks. “Anti-Semitism is on the rise right here in New Jersey. We must never accept bigotry or hatred in any form. We are calling on both the Trenton Councilman and Councilwoman to apologize immediately or resign.” Read Here
13. NORWAY INTENSIFIES FIGHT AGAINST ANTI-SEMITISM
By Arutz Sheva Staff
Norway has decided to accelerate its ‘Action Plan against Anti-Semitism’. The minister in charge of the program, Monica Maeland, said the fight against anti-Semitism requires a long-term effort. “The government will involve the Jewish community in its efforts to renew its plan of action in the years to come.” Read Here
14. Security Council Meeting on the Situation in the Middle East
By US Mission to the United Nations
Watch: On Sept. 20, 2019, new US Ambassador to the UN Kelly Craft delivers remarks at the Security Council meeting on the situation in the Middle East and stands up for the Jewish State.
15. On pre-holiday call, Trump highlights exiting Iran deal, backing Holocaust education, battling anti-Semitism
By JNS
In the annual call ahead of Rosh Hashanah between Jewish communal leaders and the president, President Trump acknowledged Holocaust survivors on the phone, noted his pro-Israel accomplishments, in addition to denouncing anti-Semitism and expressing his appreciation for Jews contributing to American life. He mentioned the appointment of U.S. Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Anti-Semitism Elan Carr, who was on the call and briefly talked about his latest trip to Europe, furthering his cause to fight hatred of Jews around the world. Read Here
HUMANITY
(11 Pieces)
This section highlights the good deeds of Jews and others working to combat anti-Semitism in their communities.
1. AUSTRIA VOTES TO GRANT CITIZENSHIP TO DESCENDANTS OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS
By AFP
Austria’s parliament voted to grant citizenship to the descendants of Nazi victims, who fled the country under the Third Reich. Under the new law, the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of those who fled the Nazis can apply for citizenship. Read Here
2. ANNUAL CROWN HEIGHTS UNITY FESTIVAL TAKES ON GREATER SIGNIFICANCE AFTER ATTACKS
By Ben Sales
At a community festival, a popular Jewish children’s singer shared the stage with a Caribbean dance group. Jewish and African-American children played together on a closed-off street and attendees discussed contentious issues like hate crimes and gun violence. This was the 4th annual #OneCrownHeights festival, which was relevant this year following a string of attacks on Orthodox Jews in Brooklyn. Read Here
3. CANADIAN SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCER FIGHTS HATE, ERASES ANTI-SEMITIC GRAFFITI
By Tamar Beeri
Corey Fleischer, a Canadian social media influencer, has made a presence for himself online by removing graffiti and drawings on public property depicting hateful messages, such as racist or anti-Semitic symbols. He uses pressure washers and nail polish remover to get rid of swastikas painted around the world. Read Here
4. UAE TO OPEN SYNAGOGUE, PART OF INTERFAITH COMPOUND, IN 2022
By TOI Staff
The United Arab Emirates will build a new synagogue as part of an interfaith compound that will also house a mosque and church and is reportedly set to open in 2022. The announcement of the Abrahamic Family House is part of an interfaith initiative to oversee projects advancing tolerance. Read Here
5. RABBI GUIDES CHRISTIAN LEADERS ON MISSION TO STUDY JEWISH HISTORY, DESTRUCTION IN POLAND
By Lynette Wilson
Rabbi Yehiel Poupko, of the Jewish Federation of Chicago, led a Christian Leadership Mission to Poland, exploring the history and destruction of European Jewry. The mission’s group included Methodists, Congregationalists, Lutherans, Evangelicals, and an Islamic scholar. Read Here
6. LAWYER STUART PLATT RESIGNS TRENTON POST TO PROTEST ANTI-SEMITISM
By Jim Walsh
Stuart Platt, Trenton’s redevelopment attorney resigned to protest remarks made by city officials accused of anti-Semitism. “As an American and a Jew, I will not represent anti-Semites,” he wrote in an letter of resignation that cited comments by three members of Trenton’s city council. Read Here
7. ‘THE POWER OF YOUNG PEOPLE’: SKOKIE TEENS TAKE PROACTIVE STEPS TO INTRODUCE JUDAISM TO PEERS
By CARIN M. SMILK
After grappling with an anti-Israel teacher-training course being offered in their school district, a group of Jewish students outside Chicago formed a new club to demonstrate pride in their heritage. Read Here
8. Jewish leaders condemn rise in anti-Semitism across Washington, urge lawmakers to fight hatred
By Nina Shapiro
Seattle Jewish leaders released a statement against anti-Semitism six months in the making. They are asking elected and civic officials to sign a pledge to fight such hatred. About 80 have already done so, including members of Congress, the Legislature and Seattle and King County councils. Read Here
9. THE SIN OF ANTI-SEMITISM RESURFACES
By Greg Erlandson
Since the Second Vatican Council much progress has been made in healing 2,000 years of Christian-Jewish tensions. Unfortunately, even in Catholic circles, we must be on guard that the evil of anti-Semitism does not return, nor give intellectual cover to those who invoke its slanders. We Catholics would do well to be on our guard that we do not countenance this sin. Such “tolerance” of great evil would make a mockery of the faith we proclaim, the Savior we follow. Read Here
10. Jewish Community Gathers for Call to End Hate Attacks
By NBC New York
In a response to recent attacks on Hasidic men in Brooklyn, Jews came together to rally against the rise in anti-Semitic hate crimes as they celebrate the Jewish New Year. Read Here
11. Sivan Ya’ari on Bringing Israeli Innovation to Rural Africa
By Uriel Heilman
Sivan Ya’ari is known for her work in rural Africa, where she uses Israeli technology to bring clean water, solar power and electricity to one million people living in 300 villages across the continent. The vehicle for that work is Innovation: Africa, the nonprofit organization Ya’ari founded in 2008. Using solar-powered devices, her group installs electric water pumps to draw clean groundwater in places where residents previously had to walk miles to reach water. In addition, the program generates electricity for schools and clinics.
Read Here
TAKE ACTION
This section highlights opportunities for you to get involved in combating anti-Semitism. Read the content below to learn more.
(2 Pieces)
1. LEARN MORE ABOUT H.R.4077 – TRAUMA-INFORMED MODERNIZATION OF ELDERCARE FOR HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS ACT
This week we ask you to take action by educating yourself about the Trauma-Informed Modernization of Eldercare (TIME) for Holocaust Survivors Act, which would amend the Older Americans Act of 1965 to provide social service agencies with the resources to provide services to meet the urgent needs of Holocaust survivors to age in place with dignity, comfort, security, and quality of life. The bill was introduced by Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz and is co-sponsored by a slate of bipartisan congressmen.
To learn more about the TIME for Holocaust Survivors Act please view the language of the bill here.
House introduces bipartisan legislation to prioritize health care for Holocaust survivors
By JNS
A bipartisan bill has been introduced in the House of Representatives to prioritize health care for Holocaust survivors. Introduced by 16 Democrats and 9 Republicans, the Trauma-Informed Modernization of Eldercare for Holocaust Survivors Act, or the “TIME for Holocaust Survivors Act,” would help ensure that the 80,000 Holocaust survivors living in the US have access to specialized health care and services. Read Here
2. VENTURE CREATIVE CONTEST – ROUND ONE
Anti-Semitism is once again on the rise, just 75 years after the Holocaust. This irrational hatred of Jews and the world’s only Jewish state harms both innocent victims and perpetrators infected by bigotry. The resurgence of anti-Semitism poses a challenge to all people of conscience:
How can we work together to stop anti-Semitism?
This contest is crowd-sourcing new solutions to help end “the world’s oldest hatred.” The contest is sponsored by the CombatAntiSemitism.org coalition. People of all ages, backgrounds, and nationalities are encouraged to participate by creatively addressing one of the categories below:
Round 1 Deadline: December 1, 2019 (future rounds coming soon)
OVER 120,000 INDIVIDUALS AND 140 ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING THOSE BELOW, HAVE SIGNED OUR PLEDGE. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT!
“Combat anti-Semitism (CAS) is a non-partisan, global grassroots movement of interfaith individuals and organizations united to combat anti-Semitism. CAS exposes anti-Semitic activity from across the ideological spectrum and highlights those working to fight against its resurgence. One of the most pernicious forms of modern anti-Semitism is the effort to deny and delegitimize the Jewish people’s right to self-determination and their profound historic, religious and cultural connection to their ancestral homeland, Israel. Humanity flourishes when diversity is respected. We work to encourage understanding so tragedies like the Holocaust or any incidents of hate inspired violence never happen again.”